1. Air
moves into the lungs because
A. the
thorax is muscular.
B. the
gas pressure in the lungs becomes less than outside pressure as the diaphragm
contracts.
C. the
volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.
D. contraction
of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity.
E. the
internal intercostals muscles decrease the thoracic cavity volume.
ANSWER : the gas pressure in the lungs becomes less than outside
pressure as the diaphragm contracts.
2. Alveolar
ventilation rate is
A. the
utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.
B. the
movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
C. less
than pulmonary ventilation due to dead space.
D. the
movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
E. movement
of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
ANSWER : the movement of air
into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
3. Hemoglobin
has a tendency to release oxygen where
A. partial
pressures of oxygen are higher.
B. pH
is more alkaline.
C. pH
is more acidic.
D. partial
pressures of carbon dioxide are lower.
E. temperature
is lower.
ANSWER : pH is more acidic.
4.
In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen
is
A. equal
with that in the tissues.
B. much
higher than the PO2 for arterial blood.
C. the
same as PO2 for venous blood.
D. about
104 mmHg.
E. lower
than the PO2 of venous blood.
ANSWER : about 104 mmHg
5. Most
of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is
A. dissolved
in plasma.
B. bound
to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
C. bound
to hemoglobin.
D. converted
to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
E. carried
by white blood cells.
ANSWER : converted to
bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
6. The
elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is
the
A. thyroid
cartilage.
B. corniculate
cartilage.
C. cricoid
cartilage.
D. epiglottis.
E. cuneiform
cartilage.
ANSWER : epiglottis.
7. The
movement of air into and out of the lungs is called
A. external
respiration.
B. pulmonary
ventilation.
C. oxidative
phosphorylation.
D. internal
respiration.
E. cellular
respiration.
ANSWER : pulmonary
ventilation.
8. This
tissue lines the trachea.
A. Simple
squamous epithelium
B. Stratified
squamous epithelium
C. Pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
D. Areolar
connective tissue
E. Hyaline
cartilage
ANSWER : Pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
9. Which
respiratory measurement is normally the greatest?
A. Inspiratory
capacity
B. Residual
volume
C. Expiratory
reserve volume
D. Vital
capacity
E. Tidal
volume
ANSWER : Vital capacity
10. Which
respiratory structure has the smallest diameter?
A. Bronchiole
B. Pharynx
C. Larynx
D. Bronchi
E. Trachea
ANSWER : -Bronchiole
11. Involuntary
hyperventilation during an anxiety attack may cause the person to become faint
due to
A. increased
temperature due to increased intercostals muscle activity.
B. decreasing
O2 levels in the blood causing cells to NOT have enough ATP.
C. effects
of increased O2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral
blood vessels.
D. lowering
CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
E. Increasing
CO2 levels due to increase in cellular respiration, reducing brain perfusion
and causing ischemia
ANSWER : lowering CO2 levels
in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
12. Which of
the following gases has no effect in the blood until hyperbaric conditions
occur (as in SCUBA diving when one stays down too long at great depths), then a
condition called ""rapture of the deep"" occurs, producing
a narcotic-like effect as this gas interacts with other blood chemicals?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon
dioxide
D. Helium
E. Carbon
monoxide
ANSWER : Nitrogen
13. Which of
the following terms describes the increase in depth and force of breathing that
occurs during vigorous exercise?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Hyperapnea
C. Hypercapnia
D. Hypoxia
E. Anoxia
ANSWER : Hyperapnea
14. About 20%
of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as
A. dissolved
gas in the plasma.
B. hydrogen
ions.
C. bicarbonate
ions.
D. carbaminohemoglobin.
E. oxyhemoglobin.
ANSWER : carbaminohemoglobin.
15. Which of
the following controls the respiratory rate?
A. Medulla
B. Pons
C. Alveolar
sacs
D. Cerebral
cortex
E. Spinal
cord
ANSWER : Medulla
16. Which of
the following is NOT a direct function of the respiratory system?
A. Internal
respiration
B. Contraction
of the diaphragm
C. External
respiration
D. Inspiration
E. Expiration
ANSWER : Internal respiration
17. Which of
the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?
A. Cleansing
of air
B. Warming
of air
C. Gas
exchange
D. Transport
of air
E. Mucous
secretion
ANSWER : Gas exchange
18. Which of
the following functions is not performed by the respiratory system?
A. internal
respiration
B. external
respiration
C. breathing
D. pulmonary
ventilation
E. Gas
exchange
ANSWER : internal respiration
19. The
philtrum of the nose is the part that is located
A. on
the anterior margin.
B. between
the eyebrows.
C. inferior
to the apex.
D. superior
to the alae.
ANSWER : inferior to the apex.
20. The
tubular tonsils arch over the opening to the
A. layryngopharynx
B. pharyngotympanic
tubes.
C. nasopharynx.
D. oropharynx.
ANSWER : pharyngotympanic
tubes.
21. The
____________ cartilage is connected to the vocal cords.
A. corniculate
B. thyroid
C. cuneiform
D. cricoid
ANSWER : corniculate
22. Which of the
following statements about voice production is incorrect?
A. The
glottis is wide when deep tones are produced.
B. The
larynx enlarges in males during puberty.
C. The
more tense the vocal cords, the higher the pitch.
D. Loudness
of voice depends on the size of the vocal cords.
ANSWER : Loudness of voice
depends on the size of the vocal cords.
23. Which
of the following is not a function of the trachealis muscle?
A. It
prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent despite the pressure
changes that take place during breathing.
B. It
allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food is swallowed.
C. It
decreases the diameter during expiration to expel air with a greater force.
D. It
helps expel mucus during coughing.
ANSWER : It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps
it patent despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing
24. The smallest subdivision of the lung that is visible
to the naked eye is the
A. bronchiole.
B. lobe.
C. alveolus.
D. lobule.
ANSWER : lobule.
25. An example
of an enzyme located in the lung capillary membrane that acts on material in
the blood is
A. prostoglandins.
B. renin
C. angiotensin
converting enzyme.
D. interferon.
ANSWER : angiotensin converting enzyme.
26.______________ pressure keeps the air spaces in the
lung opened.
A. Intrapulmonary
B. Transpulmonary
C. Intrapleural
D. Atmospheric
ANSWER : Transpulmonary
27.Which of the following conditions would not cause
atelectasis?
A. plugging
of bronchioli
B. a
chest wound that perforates the pleura and allows air into the pleural cavity
C. after
pneumonia
D. smoking
ANSWER : smoking
28.Airway resistance is insignificant in relationship to
gas flow because
A. as
the airways get smaller they branch more which results in a huge total
cross-sectional area.
B. the
gas flow stops in the medium-sized bronchioles and diffusion takes over; therefore,
airway resistance is no longer an issue.
C. in
the respiratory system the airway resistance is not related to the diameter of
the conducting tubes.
D. the
blood flow is very high in comparison to the viscosity of air.
ANSWER : as the airways get smaller they branch more
which results in a huge total cross-sectional area.
29.All of the following would diminish lung compliance
except
A. tuberculosis.
B. increase
in the production of surfactant.
C. an
increase in alveolar surface tension.
D. chronic
inflammation.
ANSWER : increase in the production of surfactant.
30.The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between
the ____________ and the __________ pressure.
A. intrapulmonary;
intrapleural
B. intrapleural;
alveolar
C. atmospheric;
intrapulmonary
D. atmospheric;
intrapleural
ANSWER : intrapulmonary; intrapleural
31.Which of the following conditions would not decrease
the total respiratory compliance?
A. thorax
deformities
B. paralysis
of the intercostal muscles
C. increase
in lung compliance
D. calcification
of the coastal cartilages
ANSWER : increase in lung compliance
32. Which of the following non-respiratory movements
would ventilate all of the alveoli?
A. crying
B. sneezing
C. yawning
D. hiccups
ANSWER : yawning
33.All of the following would be caused by breathing
excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period of time except
A. coma.
B. production
of huge amounts of free radicals.
C. increased
mental function.
D. oxygen
toxicity.
ANSWER : increased mental function.
34.Which of the following would not directly decrease the
alveolar surface involved in gas exchange?
A. emphysema
B. smoking
C. tumors
of the lung
D. inflammatory
products
ANSWER : smoking
35._____ secreted by endothelium of blood vessel is a
well known vasodilator.
A. CO2
B. CO
C. NO
D. HCO3
ANSWER : NO
36. Which of the following non-respiratory movements is
caused by irritation of the diaphragm?
A. hiccups
B. crying
C. coughing
D. laughing
ANSWER : hiccups
37. The dorsal respiratory group
A. extends
from the brain stem.
B. is
a rhythm generating center.
C. ends
at the pons-medullary junction.
D. is
located dorsally at the root of cranial nerve IX.
ANSWER : is located dorsally at the root of cranial nerve
IX.
38. The pontine respiratory group is responsible for all
of the following functions except
A. regulating
and modifying the activity of the medullary neurons.
B. stimulating
the contraction of the diaphragm.
C. causing
apneustic breathing if it is damaged.
D. smoothing
out the transition from inspiration to expiration.
ANSWER : stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm.
39. Which of the following statements best describes the
mechanism of normal breathing patterns?
A. It
is set by two sets of pacemakers that inhibit each other.
B. It
is set by two sets of pacemakers that excite each other.
C. It
is set by a single pacemaker that stimulates inspiration.
D. It
is set by a single pacemaker that stimulates expiration.
ANSWER : It is set by two sets of pacemakers that inhibit
each other.
40. Which of the following would not be found in a
"blue bloater"?
A. pulmonary
hypertension
B. loss
of weight
C. cyanosis
D. right-sided
heart failure
ANSWER : loss of weight
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