1) The nonspecific ascending pathways ________.
A) are evolutionarily newer than the specific pathways
B) receive inputs from a single type of sensory receptor
C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
D) are also called the lemniscal system
Answer: C
2) The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.
A) pons
B) thalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla
Answer: C
3) Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in
the ________.
A) midbrain
B) medulla
C) pons
D) cerebrum
Answer: C
4) The arbor vitae refers to ________.
A) cerebellar gray matter
B) cerebellar white matter
C) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
D) flocculonodular nodes
Answer: B
5) The brain stem consists of the ________.
A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons
C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain
D) midbrain only
Answer: B
6) The primary auditory cortex is located in the
________.
A) prefrontal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) parietal lobe
Answer: C
7) Spinocerebellar tracts ________.
A) terminate in the spinal cord
B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
C) give rise to conscious experience of perception
D) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
Answer: B
8) The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________.
A) outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal
motor root
B) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral
motor root
C) inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal
motor root
D) outside, white matter on the inside, and a ventral
motor root
Answer: B
9) The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of
meninges?
A) arachnoid and epidura
B) arachnoid and pia
C) arachnoid and dura
D) dura and epidura
Answer: B
10) The vital centers for the control of heart rate,
respiration, and blood pressure are located in the
_______.
A) pons
B) medulla
C) midbrain
D) cerebrum
Answer: B
11) Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal
nerves are located in ________.
A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
B) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
C) the thalamus
D) sympathetic ganglia
Answer: A
12) The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is
the ________.
A) central fissure
B) longitudinal fissure
C) parieto-occipital fissure
D) lateral fissure
Answer: B
13) The limbic association area of the multimodal
association areas provides our ________.
A) emotional impact
B) working memory
C) recall and personality
D) learning abilities
Answer: A
14) A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is
called a ________.
A) sulcus
B) fissure
C) gyrus
D) furrow
Answer: A
15) The cerebrospinal fluid ________.
A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi
B) enters the four ventricles after filling and
circulating through the subarachnoid space
C) is secreted mostly by the neuroglia cells lining the
brain ventricles
D) is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses and modified
by ependymal cells
Answer: D
16) If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to
develop properly ________.
A) the spinal cord may be affected
B) the cranial nerves would not form
C) the hindbrain would not be present
D) the telencephalon would cease development
Answer: A
17) The central sulcus separates which lobes?
A) frontal from parietal
B) parietal from occipital
C) temporal from parietal
D) frontal from temporal
Answer: A
18) Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to
the brain concerning burning pain would
be ________.
A) anterior spinothalamic
B) reticulospinal
C) lateral spinothalamic
D) posterior spinothalamic
Answer: C
19) Which of these would you not find in the cerebral
cortex?
A) cell bodies
B) dendrites
C) unmyelinated axons
D) fiber tracts
Answer: D
20) The hypothalamus ________.
A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates
temperature
B) is an important auditory and visual relay center
C) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure
D) mediates sensations
Answer: A
21) The white matter of the spinal cord contains
________.
A) myelinated nerve fibers only
B) unmyelinated nerve fibers only
C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
D) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers
Answer: C
22) A lateral tract in the spinal cord would be ________.
A) rubrospinal
B) vestibulospinal
C) tectospinal
D) pyramidal
Answer: A
23) An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord
between T1 and L1. This would result in
_______.
A) paraplegia
B) hemiplegia
C) quadriplegia
D) spinal shock only
Answer: A
24) Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the
________.
A) upper motor neurons
B) lower motor neurons
C) spinal nerve roots
D) neuromotor junction
Answer: A
25) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral
hemispheres are called ________.
A) gyri
B) sulci
C) fissures
D) ganglia
Answer: A
26) The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe
by the ________.
A) longitudinal fissure
B) lateral sulcus
C) central sulcus
D) cranial fossa
Answer: B
27) Brodmannʹs numbering refers to ________.
A) molecular weight of types of neurons
B) counts of neurons per fiber bundle
C) structurally distinct cortical areas
D) rates of neural division in embryogenesis
Answer: C
28) Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving
voluntary movement are ________.
A) pyramidal and corticospinal
B) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
C) segmental and nigrostriatal
D) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
Answer: A
29) An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle
with his or her finger but could not
recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have
sustained damage to the ________.
A) calcarine cortex
B) primary visual area
C) visual association area
D) lateral geniculate body
Answer: C
30) Brocaʹs area ________.
A) corresponds to Brodmannʹs area 8
B) is usually found in the right hemisphere
C) serves the recognition of complex objects
D) is considered a motor speech area
Answer: D
31) The function of commissures is to connect ________.
A) adjacent areas of gray matter within a cerebral
hemisphere
B) corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
C) areas of cortex with lower centers
D) pyramidal cells with corresponding cerebellar cells
Answer: B
32) The blood-brain barrier is effective against
________.
A) metabolic waste such as urea
B) nutrients such as glucose
C) alcohol
D) anesthetics
Answer: A
33) Which of the following is not part of the basal
nuclei?
A) putamen
B) lentiform nucleus
C) globus pallidus
D) substantia nigra
Answer: D
34) All of the following are structures of the limbic
system except the ________.
A) hippocampus
B) cingulate gyrus
C) amygdaloid nucleus
D) caudate nucleus
Answer: D
35) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?
A) third ventricle
B) cerebral peduncles
C) corpora quadrigemina
D) red nucleus
Answer: A
36) The process of linking new facts with old facts
already stored in the memory bank is called
_______.
A) consolidation
B) automatic memory
C) long-term memory
D) rehearsal
Answer: A
37) An electroencephalogram ________.
A) is a record of total body electrical activity
B) indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 Hz
C) indicates an average amplitude of 20-100 V
D) can only detect abnormal electrical activity
Answer: B
38) The brain area that regulates activities that control
the state of wakefulness or alertness of the
cerebral cortex is the ________.
A) thalamus
B) reticular formation
C) pyramids
D) limbic system
Answer: B
39) Which of the following would you not find in normal
cerebrospinal fluid?
A) glucose
B) red blood cells
C) potassium
D) protein
Answer: B
40) REM sleep is associated with ________.
A) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood
pressure
B) decreased activity of the brain, especially the
cerebral cortex
C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the
extrinsic eye muscles
D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral
cortex
Answer: C
41) Mr. Hom was injured in an accident that completely
severed his spinal cord at the level of T12.
You would expect to find all of the following except
________.
A) paralysis of the lower extremities
B) loss of sensation below the level of injury
C) slurred speech
D) perspiration in the affected area
Answer: C
42) Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the
following except ________.
A) pathologic sleep
B) loss of body temperature control
C) production of excessive quantities of urine
D) loss of proprioception
Answer: D
43) White matter of the spinal cord ________.
A) is composed of myelinated fibers only
B) ascends to higher PNS centers
C) has afferent fibers carrying impulses from peripheral
sensory receptors
D) contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar
tracts
Answer: D
44) Which statement about aging is most accurate?
A) The brain reaches its maximum weight around the
seventh decade of life.
B) Synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great
deal of learning after the age of 35.
C) Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic
connections support additional learning
throughout life.
D) Learning throughout the adult and aging years is
supported primarily by glial
proliferation
Answer: C
45) Which association regarding the function and location
of the cerebrum is most accurate?
A) sensory-anterior
B) motor-medial
C) sensory-medial
D) motor-anterior
Answer: D
46) Brain wave amplitude ________.
A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
B) is an average of about 1 V
C) results from subtraction of delta waves from theta
waves
D) is the measure of activity of specific individual
neurons
Answer: A
47) Declarative memory is not stored in the ________.
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) mammillary body
Answer: D
48) Huntingtonʹs disease ________.
A) begins to appear at ages 10 to 15
B) has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinsonʹs
disease
C) usually subsides by ages 35 to 40
D) may be a result of a defective 26th chromosome
Answer: B
49) The corpus striatum plays a special role in ________.
A) face recognition
B) fact learning
C) spatial learning
D) skill learning
Answer: D
50) Storing information in long-term memory ________.
A) depends on the remaining capacity of long-term memory
B) is interfered with by emotional arousal
C) is facilitated by the release of norepinephrine
D) is always dependent on the formation of conscious
impressions
Answer: C
51) Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system
that receive impulses from the
equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to
maintain balance by varying muscle tone of
postural muscles are the ________.
A) red nuclei
B) vestibular nuclei
C) reticular nuclei
D) superior colliculi
Answer: B
52) Which of the following structures is probably not
directly involved in memory?
A) hippocampus
B) medulla
C) amygdala
D) prefrontal cortex
Answer: B
53) The area of the cortex that is responsible for
sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that
your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long
is the ________.
A) olfactory cortex
B) gusatory cortex
C) vestibular cortex
D) visceral sensory area
Answer: D
54) Which statement about coma is true?
A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli
for a long period of time.
B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that
of a waking state.
C) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.
D) Coma is rarely caused by damage to brain stem
structures.
Answer: A
55) Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and
expressionless face are characteristics of
________.
A) Huntingtonʹs disease
B) Parkinsonʹs disease
C) cerebellar disease
D) spinal cord disease
Answer: B
56) Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain
injury?
A) contusion
B) concussion
C) hemorrhage
D) swelling
Answer: B
57) Declarative memory ________.
A) is the ability to learn specific information
B) is best remembered in the doing
C) is hard to unlearn when learned once
D) usually involves motor skills
Answer: A
58) Which of the following is/are involved with motor
activity (either initiation or coordination)?
A) postcentral gyrus
B) gustatory cortex
C) red nuclei
D) Wernickeʹs area
Answer: C
59) Which statement is not true?
A) Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early
adulthood, level off, then decline again
in old age.
B) Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep.
C) Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per
night.
D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
Answer: D
60) Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?
A) During seizures, sensory messages are processed
normally but responses are blocked.
B) Petit mal epilepsy typically begins in adolescence and
is often severely disabling.
C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also
frequently caused by head trauma, stroke,
infection, and tumor.
D) The aura in grand mal epilepsy typically occurs as the
patient regains consciousness.
Answer: C
61) White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of
the following locations, with the exception
of the ________.
A) corpus callosum
B) cerebral cortex
C) corticospinal tracts
D) outer portion of the spinal cord
Answer: B
62) Second-order neurons of both the specific and
nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in
the ________.
A) spinal cord
B) medulla
C) thalamus
D) somatosensory cortex
Answer: C
63) Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities
such as piano playing, with no paralysis or
weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the
________.
A) spinal cord
B) premotor cortex
C) primary motor cortex
D) rubrospinal tracts
Answer: B
64) ________ waves are not normal for awake adults but
are common for children.
A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Delta
D) Theta
Answer: D
TRY AGAIN
1. Sel saraf yang sifatnya membawa rangsang dari pusat
saraf menuju alat-alat panca indra disebut ….
a. neuron
b. motorik
c. sensorik
d. ganglion
e. sensibel
2. Saraf parasimpatetik berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas
beberapa organ tubuh, kecuali ….
a. kontraksi pembuluh darah
b. pengecilan pupil
c. peningkatan sekresi kelenjar saliva
d. pengecilan bronkus
e. kontraksi dinding usus
3. Urutan jalan rangsangan pada busur refleks mengikut
pola ….
a. reseptor – serabut saraf sensorik – saraf tulang
belakang – serabut saraf motorik – efektor
b. reseptor – serabut saraf motorik – saraf tulang
belakang – serabut saraf sensorik – efektor
c. reseptor – saraf tulang belakang – serabut saraf sensorik
– serabut saraf motorik – efektor
d. reseptor – serabut saraf sensorik – otak – serabut
saraf motorik – efektor
e. reseptor – serabut saraf sensorik- serabut saraf
motorik – konektor – efektor
4. Dari berbagai macam hormon yang anda kenal, ada di antaranya
yang dihasilkanoleh pankreas, yaitu ….
a. tripsin
b. erepsin
c. insulin
d. amilase
e. pepsin
5. Adrenalin adalah hormon yang berfungsi ….
a. mengatur metabolisme
b. memengaruhi kerja hormon lainnya
c. merangsang kerja usus
d. mengatur metabolisme senyawa fosfat
e. menurunkan tekanan darah
6. Hormon yang mengatur terhadap pematangan ciri seks
sekunder adalah ….a. aldosteronb. epineprinc. tiroksind. testosterone. Insulin
7. Berikut adalah beberapa jenis hormon yang dihasilkan
oleh manusia.
1. Adrenalin
2. Insulin
3. Estrogen
4. Tiroksin
5. Progesteron
6. Testosteron
7. Prolaktin
8. Gastrin
Hormon-hormon yang berperan dalam kegiatan reproduksi
adalah ….
a. 1, 3, 4
b. 2, 5, 7
c. 3, 6, 8
d. 4, 6, 8
e. 3, 5, 6
8. Tumbuhnya kumis dan membesarnya suara pada pria remaja
dipengaruhi hormon. Peranan hormon dalam peristiwa di atas ….
a. memengaruhi pertumbuhan
b. mengatur kegiatan alat-alat tubuh
c. memengaruhi tumbuhnya sifat kelamin sekunder
d. memacu pemasakan spermatozoid
e. memengaruhi daya tahan tubuh
9. Uji refleks sering dilakukan dengan cara memukulkan
benda lunak perlahan-lahan ke bagian bawah tempurung lutut sehingga secara
tidak sadar tungkai bawah bergerak ke depan. Busur refleks yang menghasilkan
gerakan itu mempunyai jalur sebagai berikut ….
a. lutut – saraf motorik – sumsum tulang belakang- saraf
sensorik- kaki
b. lutut – saraf sensorik- sumsum tulang belakang- saraf
motorik – kaki
c. lutut – saraf sensorik- otak – saraf motorik – kaki
d. lutut – saraf motorik – otak – saraf sensorik- kakie.
lutut – saraf sensoris konektor menyilang – saraf motorik kaki
10. Kelainan mata yang dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan
kacamata lensa cekung adalah ….
a. miopi
b. hipermetropi
c. presbiopi
d. emetropi
e. trakoma
11. Perhatikan penampang mata berikut ini.
Bagian yang berfungsi menggerakkan bola mata adalah ….
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
12. Kelenjar endokrin ikut menentukan ciri-ciri
fungsional organisme terutama yang menyangkut fungsi berikut, kecuali…..
a. nutrisi
b. respirasi
c. ekskresi
d. regulasi
e. iritabilitas
13. Hormon yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan
tubuh manusia adalah…..
a. parathormon
b. Adrenalin
c. kortison
d. tiroksin
e. oksitoksin
14. Metabolisme kalsium diatur oleh hormon yang
dihasilkan kelenjar….
a. anak gondok
b. anak ginjal
c. gondok
d. timus
e. pankreas
15. Salah satu cacat tubuh akibat kekurangan hormon
adalah kretinisme. Defisiesihormon yang menyebabkan kretinisme tersebut adalah
….
a. hipofisis
b. prolaktin
c. tiroksin
d. paratiroid
e. somatotrop
16. Penderita penyakit gondok disebabkan oleh ….
a. rusaknya sistem indra
b. kekurangan vitamin E pada gizinya
c. virus
d. kekurangan yodium
e. bakteri
17. Jika orang sedang marah, jantungnya berdebardebar,
pernapasan lebih cepat, dan gerakan-gerakannya serba cepat. Hal tersebut
disebabkan pengaruh hormon…..
a. insulin
b. sekskretin
c. adrenalin
d. tiroksin
e. asetilkolin
18. Hormon yang merangsang pengeluaran getah pankreas
adalah ….
a. sekretin
b. kolesistokinin
c. gastrin
d. somatrotopin
e. Epineprin
19. Apa yang akan terjadi dalam organ hati apabila kadar
gula dalam tubuh terlalu tinggi, maka hati akan bertugas….
a. mengeluarkan hormon insulin untuk menurunkan kadar
gula dalam darah
b. mengeluarkan hormon adrenalin untuk menurunkan kadar
gula dalam darah
c. menyimpan gula dalam bentuk glikogen (gula otot)
d. mengubah gula menjadi bilirubine. menyimpan gula dalam
biliverdin
20. Lapisan luar pada mata merupakan tempat terdapatnya….
a. retina
b. koroid
c. sklera
d. kornea
e. pupil
