A. epithelium of upper respiratory tract
B. epithelium of kidney tubules
C. goblet cells
D. A and B
E. A and C
2. The alveolar sacs (surface responsible for gas exchange) in the lungs are lined with _____________ epithelium.
A. stratified squamous
B. simple squamous
C. simple columnar
D. pseudostratified columnar
E. transitional
3. The type of membrane that covers the outside surface of the digestive organs is called the:
A. mucous membrane.
B. serous membrane.
C. glandular membrane.
D. squamous membrane.
E. none of the above.
4. Adipose tissue is a major component of:
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. hypodermis
D. basement membrane
E. stratum corneum
5. A typical section of the alimentary canal is shown. The dark layer at the tip of the arrow is:
A. Circular layer of muscularis externa |
6. If you accidentally swallow a sharp piece of bone that gets stuck in the wall of your large intestine, what is the main structure will help you to dislodge it?
A. Fascia adherens
B. Muscularis mucosae
C. Muscularis externa
D. Mesentery
E. Lamina propria
7. What types of muscle can spontaneously contract under normal physiological conditions?
A. Smooth
B. Cardiac
C. Skeletal
D. A and B
E. All of the above
8. The sword pierced Octavius' belly, and the point of the sword ended up just reaching an olive in his stomach. Numerous layers of his body tissues and internal spaces were pierced in the process. Each of the following lists only some of these. Which of the following gives the layers or spaces in the correct order (from superficial to deep)?
A. Visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, mesothelium
B. Mucosa, submucosa, lumen
C. Peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
D. Circular layer of muscularis externa, muscularis mucosae, lumen
E. Submucosa, mucosa, peritoneal cavity
9. Which of the following represents a possible path that blood may follow as it moves ONCE through the systemic circuit? (Some steps may be omitted.)
(1) Heart, (2) Capillaries, (3) Arteries, (4) Veins
A. 3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 4 --> 1
B. 1 --> 3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 3
C. 3 --> 2 --> 3 --> 2 --> 4
D. 1 --> 4 --> 2 --> 3 --> 1
E. 2 --> 3 --> 2 --> 4 --> 1
10. Internal respiration occurs
A. In the myocardium tissue of the heart
B. In the systemic circuit
C. In the pulmonary circuit
D. A and B
E. All of the above
11. The pulmonary trunk
A. Is a vein carrying deoxygenated blood
B. Is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood
C. Is a vein carrying oxygenated blood
D. Is an artery carrying oxygenated blood
E. Alternates between carrying oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
12. After flowing through the mitral valve, blood moves into the
A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
E. Right atrium
13. The second sound (the "dup" in "lub-dup") of each heart beat results when
A. The squeezing down of the ventricles pushes blood against the walls of the heart
B. Blood rushes into the ventricles to fill the vacuum produced after contraction
C. The large arteries connected to the heart recoil, causing valves to close
D. The chordae tendineae are suddenly pulled tight by the closing valves
E. Blood rushing out through the arteries vibrates the artery walls
14. The tip of the arrow is on the
A. Epimysium |
15. A nerve fiber
A. Is connective tissue at the core of every nerve
B. Is also known as a neuron
C. Is a group of blood vessels accompanying a fascicle
D. Is found only in some nerves
E. None of the above
16. Lymphatic capillaries
A. Have a wall consisting of endothelium only
B. Have minivalves
C. Carry fluid in one direction only
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C
17. Oxygen diffuses from blood into cells. This process is known as
A. Internal respiration
B. External respiration
C. Cellular respiration
D. Ventilation
E. Inspiration
ANSWERS
- A
- B
- B
- C
- C
- B
- D
- D
- A
- D
- B
- D
- C
- C
- E
- E
- A
1. A typical section of the alimentary canal is shown. The dark layer at the tip of the arrow is  : A. Circular layer of muscularis externa |
2. Which of the following muscles has gap junctions?
A. External anal sphincter
B. The muscle that flexes your elbow
C. Oblique muscle layer of the stomach
D. Muscles of the pharynx
E. None of the above
3. Different syndesmoses differ in degree of movability primarily due to differences in the
A. amount of cartilage present in the joint
B. orientation of the fibers
C. depth of the socket
D. amount of tissue fluid present
E. length of the fibers
4. Which of the following is not present in all synovial joints?
A. Articular disc
B. Synovial fluid
C. Articular cartilage
D. Fibrous capsule
E. C and D.
5. The stomach
A. Has fewer muscle layers than the small intestine
B. Is essential for survival
C. Produces hormone(s) that travel through the blood
D. Is the main site of digestion in the body
E. Secretes acid and enzyme(s), both produced by the same cell type
6. Example(s) of immune cells or tissues include(s):
A. Kupffer cell
B. Peyer's patch
C. MALT
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
7. In a skeletal muscle, the entire structure that is wrapped by an endomysium is known as a
A. Cell
B. Myofibril
C. Muscle fiber
D. A and B
E. A and C
8. In the liver, the portal arterioles
A. Are branches of the hepatic portal vein
B. Are branches of the common hepatic duct
C. Are branches of the central vein
D. Are branches of the hepatic vein
E. None of the above
9. The metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints can perform angular movements around
A. no axes.
B. 1 axis.
C. 2 axes.
D. 3 axes.
E. 3 axes, or 4 axes if the person is double-jointed.
10. When a muscle contracts, what is happening on the microscopic level?
A. Each actin filament coils up to shorten
B. Each sarcomere stays the same length, but slides past other sarcomeres
C. Actin heads drag their way along a myosin filament
D. Satellite cells pull on muscle fibers
E. None of the above
11. In the anatomical position, abducting the forearm at the elbow
A. Occurs in the frontal plane
B. Occurs in the sagittal plane
C. Occurs in the transverse plane
D. Is not possible without damaging the joint
E. Is also known as pronation
12. Which of the following epithelia is/are ciliated?
A. Oropharynx
B. Laryngopharynx
C. Small intestine
D. A and B
E. None of the above
13. Place the following structures in correct order for food passing through the digestive tract:
(1) Jejunum, (2) duodenum, (3) sigmoid colon, (4) transverse colon, (5) ileocecal valve
A. (2) --> (1) --> (5) --> (3) --> (4)
B. (1) --> (2) --> (5) --> (4) --> (3)
C. (2) --> (1) --> (5) --> (4) --> (3)
D. (5) -->(2) --> (1) --> (4) --> (3)
E. (5) --> (1) --> (2) --> (3) --> (4)
14. In muscle anatomy, an antagonist means a
A. Muscle that opposes the action of another muscle
B. Fascicle that opposes the action of another fascicle
C. Protein that prevents excessive stretch of a muscle fiber
D. Nerve cell that inhibits contraction of a muscle fiber
E. Muscle that has major responsibility for a particular action
15. Very rapid turnover of cells occurs in
A. Hepatocytes of the liver
B. Epithelium of the small intestine
C. Epithelium of the serosa
D. Endothelium of the sunusoids of the liver
E. Cardiac muscle tissue
16. Blood is normally found inside which of the following?
A. Lumen of duodenum
B. Hepatocytes
C. Bile duct
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
17. In the liver, canaliculi are
A. Spaces between adjacent hepatocytes
B. Passageways for the transport of bile
C. Passageways for the transport of blood
D. A and B
E. B and C
18. The main, long-term effect of strength training is:
A. Each muscle fiber becomes thicker
B. Each muscle fiber becomes shorter
C. Each muscle fiber becomes longer
D. New muscle fibers are produced by cell division
E. New muscle fibers are formed from satellite cells
19. Blood in the hepatic portal vein
A. Comes directly from the heart
B. Has just finished being processed by the liver
C. Has high levels of nutrients after a meal
D. Has a high level of oxygen
E. Carries bile out of the liver
20. Which form(s) of arthritis is/are primarily caused by the body launching an immune response to its own tissues?
A. Gouty arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. A and B
E. All of the above
21. If you accidentally swallow a sharp piece of bone that gets stuck in the wall of your large intestine, what will help you to dislodge it?
A. Fascia adherens
B. Muscularis mucosae
C. Seromucous gland
D. Mesentery
E. Intestinal crypt
22. What types of muscle can spontaneously contract under normal physiological conditions?
A. Smooth
B. Cardiac
C. Skeletal
D. A and B
E. All of the above
23. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Duodenum
D. Ileum
E. Large intestine
24. The mediastinum
A. Is restricted to the large intestine
B. Is where most of the esophagus is located
C. Is found only in infants and children
D. Functions primarily in the control of muscle contraction
E. None of the above
25. Where are new epithelial cells produced in the small intestine?
A. Intestinal crypts
B. Submucosa
C. Villi
D. Lacteals
E. Chyme
26. Which of the following contain(s) synovial fluid?
A. Tendon sheath
B. Saddle joint
C. Plane joint
D. B and C
E. All of the above
27. The fibrous capsule of a ball-and-socket joint is made of:
A. elastic connective tissue.
B. reticular connective tissue.
C. dense regular connective tissue.
D. dense irregular connective tissue.
E. areolar connective tissue.
28. Which of the following actions involves moving the foot around the anterior-posterior axis?
A. Pronation
B. Eversion
C. Dorsiflexion
D. Elevation
E. Protraction
29. The sword pierced Octavius' belly, and the point of the sword ended up just reaching an olive in his stomach. Numerous layers of his body tissues and internal spaces were pierced in the process. Each of the following lists only some of these. Which of the following gives the layers or spaces in the correct order (from superficial to deep)?
A. Visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, mesothelium
B. Mucosa, submucosa, lumen
C. Peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
D. Circular layer of muscularis externa, muscularis mucosae, lumen
E. Submucosa, mucosa, peritoneal cavity
30. Which of the following transports blood away from the liver?
A. Hepatic vein
B. Hepatic portal vein
C. Hepatic artery
D. A and B
E. All of the above
Questions 31-33 refer to the diagram at right showing the digestive tract wall. This wall consists of the following layers, which are all shown: circular muscle, epitheliumof mucosa, lamina propria, longitudinal muscle, muscularis mucosae, serosa, submucosa. |
31. Layer A is the
A. Submucosa
B. Muscularis mucosae
C. Lamina propria
D. Circular muscle
E. Longitudinal muscle
32. Layer B is the
A. Submucosa
B. Muscularis mucosae
C. Lamina propria
D. Circular muscle
E. Longitudinal muscle
33. Which of the following might be shown in the diagram?
A. Jejunum
B. Sigmoid colon
C. Stomach
D. Ileum
E. A or D
ANSWERS
- C
- C
- E
- A
- C
- D
- E
- E
- C
- E
- D
- E
- C
- A
- B
- E
- D
- A
- C
- C
- B
- D
- A
- B
- A
- E
- D
- B
- D
- A
- C
- E
- B
TRY AGAIN
1. Arteries between 0.01 and 0.3 mm in diameter are known as
A. Arterioles
B. Muscular arteries
C. Thoroughfare channels
D. Capillaries
E. Elastic arteries
2. Which of the following would you expect to find within ganglia?
A. Microglia
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Satellite cells
D. Astrocytes
E. Ependymal cells
3. In premature babies, respiratory distress syndrome occurs because
A. There are not enough alveoli in the lungs
B. Surface tension makes it difficult to expand the lungs
C. Type I cells are immature and do not produce enough surfactant
D. Type II cells are immature and produce too much surfactant
E. The bronchioles are too narrow
4. During inspiration,
A. The diaphragm lifts up to increase the volume of the thorax
B. The pressure inside the pleural cavity increases
C. The pressure inside the lungs decreases
D. B and C
E. All of the above
5. Each tertiary bronchus
A. Splits into two secondary bronchi
B. Serves one lobe of the lung
C. Serves one lobule of the lung
D. Serves two or three lobes, depending on the lung
E. None of the above
6. Which of the following represents a possible path that blood may follow as it moves ONCE through the systemic circuit? (Some steps may be omitted.)
(1) Heart, (2) Capillaries, (3) Arteries, (4) Veins
A. 3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 4 --> 1
B. 1 --> 3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 3
C. 3 --> 2 --> 3 --> 2 --> 4
D. 1 --> 4 --> 2 --> 3 --> 1
E. 2 --> 3 --> 2 --> 4 --> 1
7. Internal respiration occurs
A. In the myocardium tissue of the heart
B. In the systemic circuit
C. In the pulmonary circuit
D. A and B
E. All of the above
8. How many layers of serous pericardium lie between the inside of the heart and the outside of the body?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
9. The pulmonary trunk
A. Is a vein carrying deoxygenated blood
B. Is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood
C. Is a vein carrying oxygenated blood
D. Is an artery carrying oxygenated blood
E. Alternates between carrying oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
10. After flowing through the mitral valve, blood moves into the
A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
E. Right atrium
11. The second sound (the "dup" in "lub-dup") of each heart beat results when
A. The squeezing down of the ventricles pushes blood against the walls of the heart
B. Blood rushes into the ventricles to fill the vacuum produced after contraction
C. The elastic arteries recoil, causing valves to close
D. The chordae tendineae are suddenly pulled tight by the closing valves
E. Blood rushing out through the arteries vibrates the artery walls
12. Which of the following provides an electrical pathway through which the heart contraction signal spreads from one part of the heart to another?
A. Gap junctions
B. Neurons
C. Tight junctions
D. A and B
E. All of the above
13. Damage to the AV node or the Bundle of His
A. Prevents the entire heart from contracting
B. Prevents only the ventricles from contracting
C. Prevents only the atria from contracting
D. Causes the ventricles to contract faster than normal
E. Causes the ventricles to contract slower than normal
14. All blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) have:
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Endothelium
C. Tunica interna (intima)
D. B and C
E. All of the above
15. Most named arteries are
A. Muscular arteries
B. Elastic arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Lacking a tunica externa
E. Lacking a tunica interna (intima)
16. Which of the following is a correct pathway for nutrients to travel from the lumen of an artery toward the cytoplasm of a stomach cell?
(1) Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid), (2) lumen of metarteriole, (3) precapillary sphincter, (4) lumen of capillary.
A. 1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4
B. 2 --> 3 --> 4 --> 1
C. 1 --> 3 --> 2 --> 4
D. 2 --> 3 --> 1 --> 4
E. 3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 1
17. Fenestrated capillaries occur in the
A. Kidney
B. Skin
C. Lungs
D. Spleen
E. Muscles
18. About two-thirds of the blood in the body is contained in the
A. Capillaries
B. Veins
C. Arteries
D. Heart
E. Lungs
19. The sympathetic nervous system
A. Contains afferent neurons
B. Is the somatic motor division of the nervous system
C. Is the visceral sensory division of the nervous system
D. Includes both somatic motor and visceral sensory neurons
E. None of the above
20. Nodes of Ranvier are found in or on what structure?
A. Dendrite
B. Axon
C. Cell body
D. Synaptic cleft
E. Stem cells
21. What cell in the brain destroys dead cells and pathogens?
A. Microglia
B. Ependymal cells
C. Schwann cells
D. Oligodendrocyte
E. Astrocytes
22. Myelin
A. Is formed from oligodendrocytes
B. Is formed from Schwann cells
C. Increases the speed of electrical impulses
D. B and C
E. All of the above
23. The tip of the arrow is on the A. Epimysium |
24. A nerve fiber
A. Is connective tissue at the core of every nerve
B. Is also known as a neuron
C. Is a group of blood vessels accompanying a fascicle
D. Is found only in some nerves
E. None of the above
25. Lymphatic capillaries
A. Have a wall consisting of endothelium only
B. Have minivalves
C. Carry fluid in one direction only
D. B and C
E. A, B, and C
26. The primary brain vesicle that gives rise to the cerebellum is the
A. Metencephalon
B. Rhombencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Mesencephalon
E. Diencephalon
27. Cerebrospinal fluid enters the fourth ventricle directly from which of the following structures or spaces?
A. The cerebral aqueduct
B. The choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle
C. The subarachnoid space
D. A and B
E. A and C
28. The auditory cortex occurs on which of the following lobes?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Insula
D. Frontal lobe
E. Parietal lobe
29. Which of the following is true of all leukocytes?
A. They are mostly in the blood
B. They attack only specific antigens
C. They attack any antigen that is non-self
D. They are restricted to the lymphatic system
E. None of the above
30. The thymus
A. Pumps lymph
B. Breaks down red blood cells
C. Is for the maturation of lymphocytes
D. Controls metabolic rate throughout the body
E. Is adjacent to the stomach
31. The respiratory zone of the lung consists of
A. Alveoli only
B. Alveoli and terminal bronchioles
C. Alveoli and respiratory bronchioles
D. Alveoli, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles
E. Alveoli, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and small bronchi
32. In the diagram at right, region 2 contains ___ and flows into region ___  . A. Blood; 1 |
33. In the diagram in question 32, the fluid leaving region 4 will first enter what chamber of the heart?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle
E. [Not a choice]
34. Which of the following epithelia is/are ciliated?
A. Oropharynx
B. Inferior larynx
C. Laryngopharynx
D. A and B
E. A and C
35. Place the following structures in correct order for air passing into the lungs:
(1) Cricoid cartilage, (2) nasal cavity, (3) rima glottidis, (4) laryngopharynx, (5) external nares
A. (1) --> (2) --> (5) --> (4) --> (3)
B. (1) --> (5) --> (2) --> (3) --> (4)
C. (5) --> (4) --> (2) --> (1) --> (3)
D. (3) -->(5) --> (2) --> (4) --> (1)
E. (5) --> (2) --> (4) --> (3) --> (1)
36. What is/are found (at least partially) in the mediastinum?
A. Primary bronchi
B. Chordae tendineae
C. Trachea
D. A and C
E. All of the above
37. The pancreas contains
A. Exocrine cells that secrete glucagon
B. Endocrine cells that secrete enzymes
C. Exocrine cells that secrete bicarbonate
D. Exocrine cells that secrete insulin
E. Endocrine cells that secrete mucus
38. Oxygen diffuses from blood into cells. This process is known as
A. Internal respiration
B. External respiration
C. Cellular respiration
D. Ventilation
E. Inspiration
39. To make a high-pitched sound, you would normally:
A. Close the vestibular folds
B. Apply tension to the vocal folds
C. Close the rima glottidis
D. Lower the cricoid cartilage
E. Lower the epiglottis
40. Which of the following is made of elastic cartilage?
A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Arytenoid cartilage
D. Epiglottis
E. All of the above
ANSWERS
- A
- C
- B
- C
- E
- A
- D
- C
- B
- D
- C
- A
- E
- E
- A
- B
- A
- B
- E
- B
- A
- E
- C
- E
- E
- B
- D
- B
- E
- C
- C
- C
- C
- B
- E
- E
- C
- A
- B
- D
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